Working budget of $ 2 billion Methods research Coursework

Working budget of $ 2 billion Methods research - Coursework ExampleUsing the three electronic resources, compile the required data for the 48 countries in an Excel spreadsheet (each row should represent a res publica and each column should contain the data for one variable). Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is very outstanding in the calculation of the national income of any country. The GDP is calculated by adding the market value of tout ensemble the final goods or serve produced within a country in a given pecuniary year. to be more specific no in preconditionediate goods but only the final products or services because if intermediate goods are also taken into consideration then there would be the error of pronged calculation in the national income of the country. The GDP of a country is arrived at by adding the sum have-to doe with in the consumption activities, the investment activities, the spending by the government of the country and also the net exports (which is derived by deducting the gross imports from the gross exports). GDP = Cn + It + Gs + E(e-i) Where Cn = consumption, It = investment, Gs= Government spending, E= net exports, i= imports, e= exports. The exogenous stupefy is also called as the most suitable model which is needed to understand and frame the long term economic growth of a country. Excel sheet attached. 2. Read the compiled data into Stata, and estimate the empirical model. taste the following null and alternative hypotheses gen Lypc 2005 =log( ypc2005) gen Lypc1990 =log( ypc1990) gen diferrence lypc=log(ypc2005)-log(ypc1990) gen lseced = log(seced) gen infl= log( cpi1990)-log( cpi1985) inflation regress dlypc Lypc1990 lseced govgdp open infl credit (i) H0?2=?3=?4=?5=?6=?7=0 against H1?j?0 for at least one j?(2...7), using a importee aim of 0.05. = = = 1.81 The Decision rule is that we can Accept H0 if F0.05 Reject H0 if ?F0.05 where F0.05 is the 5% critical value from F(k1, nk) in this case F(71,487), or F(6,41). F0.05 = 2 .34 Decision is accept H0 F plays a significant role as F is the determining factor of arriving at conclusions. The use of the independent variables has non assisted in predicting the dependent variable (dlypc). (ii) H0?2=0 against H0?2?0 using a significance level of 0.05. ii) H0?2=0 against H1?2?0 at a significance level of 0.05 ? = = = -2.68 Decision rule Accept H0 if -t0.025 ? ? ? t0.025 Reject H0 if ? t0.025 ?t0.025 from t(41) is ?2.04 Decision is reject H0. it means the variable (lypc90) has a significance impact in the depended variable (dlypc). We can see that there is a contradiction between the assay in (i) and (ii). In (i) we accept that ?2=?3=?4=?5=?6=?7=0 where in (ii) we reject that ?2=0 . Also, we can check by compare the p-value of the coefficient (0.011)

Mabel Cooper's Life Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mabel Coopers Life Story - render ExampleMabel Coopers Life Story is a heroic tale of a very determined individual who survived in conjunction once morest all odds. Qs. 1. Discrimination and stigmatization that Mabel encountered during her life Mabel was born to a poor and homeless mother on the 10th of August, 1944 in Islington, London, but was moved into care when she was exactly four months old. Thereafter, her childhood was spent in different care schools and finally she was moved to St. Lawrence Hospital, Surrey, where she spent the near 20 years of her life. Mabel was discriminated and stigmatized beca usance she had a learning disability and had never been to school and moreover she had a very poor background history. Mabel was told that she was not capable enough to study and so was put in a ward where they learned basket making. They also had the option of working in the laundry or workshops or even remain idle if they wished. A learning disability proved to be a obje ctive setback for Mabel and besides not being allowed to go to school, she was also not allowed to use her own clothe or shoes but had to make do with the ones given by the hospital. Though dances were conducted on the premises, they were again segregated with males on one side and females on the other. There were a safe number of module and they had to dance in between them. Mabel and her friends were discriminated from society by not being allowed to go out and blend with the regular people. Money in the form of green coins were given to them but it could only be employ in their own hospital canteens and not outside. People who ran away were brought back and put in a ward called G3 where they were locked up as punishment. In this manner people with learning disabilities were discriminated and segregated from society in contemporary Britain. 2. Explain the concept of loving role valorization and describe how you would ensure Mabel becomes a valued member of the community. Ban ks, S (2001) in the book, Ethics and Values in Social Work sheds light on the contribution of social workers in fulfilling the concept of social role valorization. Broadly speaking, people with learning difficulties are looked down upon and discriminated by society for the mere reason that they are much less productive and very little use to the community and society at large. Social role valorization (SRV) is defined asThe application of what science can discover us about the enablement, establishment, enhancement, maintenance, and/or defense of valued social roles for people (Wolfensberger, 1995a). The primary goal of SRV is modify support to people in society so as to enable them to enjoy all the good things that society has got to offer. Some of these good things are love and friendship, respect and dignity, acceptance and belonging, good education and em take aimment in the society. In the case of people with learning disabilities, it becomes impossible for them to find a va lued place in society since they are not in a position to contribute to their community and society and automatically become devalued members of society. Hence being devalued members of society, they are not in a position to enjoy the good things in life. On the other hand, such members are rejected by their community and society, and thereby receive a lot of negative responses and in most cases become objects of abuse and violence. SRV is a response to such groups of devalued members and lends great support in helping them to become

Phoenix Mine Field Trip Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

capital of Arizona tap Field Trip make-up - Essay ExampleOur tour guide was great fun as he took us into the mine, which was sooner dark except for the light he carried, and showed us around the mine and briefed us about its history. In fact, we did get to see a good amount of gold, gems and other precious metals along the walls of the cave which were jagged ridges. It was awesome seeing gold in the rock. The cave was so enormous and awe inspiring and many an(prenominal) in the group asked a lot of questions to our tour guide who patiently answered usThe Phoenix Mine looked like something out of a story book because it was so breathtaking in appearance. The mountains had a scope of tall trees and other flora and fauna that was so captivating. The ground squirrels and chipmunks were an added attraction and it was fun trying to track down them. Besides the picnic table, gold panning was another attraction where people could sit for hours together down bourgeon and see if they g et lucky finding some of the gold and gems that could flow down with the water from the mountains.It was a very rare experience and we took a lot of beautiful pictures, so we can always find the fun- filled yet knowledgeable Field Trip that was arranged for us. My friends and I really enjoyed ourselves at the Phoenix Mine and we hope to come back and visit it once again, some time in the

Political risk and living conditions in argentina Essay

Political risk and sustenance conditions in argentina - Essay ExampleAfter the Spanish abandoned Argentina in the nineteenth century, it has been hard for any particular Argentine government to maintain stability. Since the Second World War numerous military regimes have risen and fallen in Argentina, something that leads to drastically changing positions towards business depending on who is in power.In the past ten years, however, the political situation in Argentina has stabilized significantly (NY clock Topic Argentina). The same political party has maintain government for several years, and the presidency only changed when the source president stepped aside for his wife to run, and she won that election (NY Times Topic Cristina Fernndez de Kirchner).The government is also comparatively pro-business. Argentina had a significant economic crisis around the year 2000 (NY Times Topic Argentina), but since, however, has maintained one of the fastest growth rates of any Latin Ameri can country. SO long as the business is run profitably, and willing to pay taxes, then the business should be successful in Argentina.The reinforcement conditions of people in Argentina are relatively high. It has one of the best median incomes among Latin American countries, beaten only by Brazil, and, again, has shown to have one of the most robust economies (CIA World Factbook). The clothing is a mix between Latin clothing and other Western clothing, with very little traditional cloak worn by the general population, especially in urban areas and along the coast.Diet and nutrition in Argentina is heavily focused on traditional foods and locally grown produce. Argentina has a ample agricultural industry, which is especially well known for producing some of the best Malbac wine in the world (Mendoza Wines). Likewise, a paucity of local pests and favorable growing conditions means that much of this can be grown without weighed down use of pesticides. All of this is obviously very favorable to the

How would allowing Capital Punishment cut down on crime in America Research Paper

How would allowing Capital Punishment cut down on offence in America - Research Paper ExampleIt is argued that children, however, should not be subject to the death penalisationthe only exception. From a moral standpoint, it would be misguided to equate the failings of a minor with those of an adult, for a greater possibility exists that a minors character deficiencies will be reformed, Justice Anthony M. Kennedy wrote in the opinion for the court.2 In that sense, juveniles should be spared, precisely adults should not be. As a child psychologist, California State Senator Leland Yee, Ph.D., has firsthand experience with roiled children and understands that they have an extraordinary capacity for rehabilitation. The neuroscience is clear brain maturation continues well through adolescence and thus appetite control, planning and critical thinking skills are not yet fully developed until adulthood.3 Thus, a juvenile stands a greater chance of being offered parole or some other op portunity that is an alternative to the standard in a corrections facility. Perhaps the juvenile might be equal to(p) to enter a program with job training and a sentence reduction in replication for good behavior. The main point here is that the juveniles actions can show growth and intensify if allowed time and space to flourish bit an adult has lived much of his or her life already, having made different life choices along the way, umpteen not so wonderful. Further, the death penalty is fitting punishment for an adult, but not for a child. As Mr. Yee pointed out, the early dayss brain is still in a exploitation stage at age 18 and below. Without positive interventions to redirect the youths development, an absence common to so many of the youth who subsequently become involved in serious delinquent or criminal activity, these youth are in enchantly subjected to the ultimate sanction without adequate regard for these mitigating good deal.4 Not given the appropriate chance t o demonstrate his or her capability to rise above and beyond the limitations placed upon him or her delinquent to the circumstances of a bad upbringing or abuse, a youth is faced with the serious working class of having to change behavior or be disciplined for it. The death penalty, therefore, seems like a good effect to deter crime in America. In Gregg v. Georgia (1976), the U.S. Supreme Court mandated that courts must examine mitigating circumstances when issuing the death penalty. However, most juvenile capital offenders are represented by appointed focal point without the time or resources to sufficiently investigate such mitigating situationors as psychiatric history, abuse, or mental capacity.5 With so many youth having mitigating circumstances, the death penalty is not a viable option. Now, by law, it is definitely not an option to hand down a sentence of capital punishment to juvenile offenders. However, for mentally capable adults, the death penalty is simply a perman ent solution that yields results lower crime rates. Now, while the death penalty for youth would definitely not solve underlying issues that youth may have, this neglects the fact that youth deserve a second chance to prove their worth. Capital punishment would be fundamentally flawed as a punishment for a juvenile offender as it would be a final judgment, and there would be no retracting the punishment once it

Data warehouse, data mart and business intelligence Essay - 1

Data warehouse, entropy mart and business intelligence - Essay Exampleique info structure that allows comparatively rapid and untroubled performance of big and complex queries over large amounts of data (Business Intelligence Secrets, 2012).Additionally, the data warehouse is make to support the business intelligence tasks and conclusiveness support systems of an organization. However, the data warehouse is developed on the root of relational database that supports queries and reporting instead of traditional business feat processing. Moreover, it typically holds historical data resulting from transaction data as well it can gather data from other corporate sources. Also, it divides bossiness analysis workload from corporate operations workload and allows a business to merge data from numerous sources (Oracle Corporation, 2002 Einbinder, Scully, Pates, Schubart, & Reynolds, 2001).There is some other concept link up to business intelligence known as data mart, it is a busines s decision support structure that integrates data from different sources and focuses on major processes or tasks of the business. In addition, the data marts grasp exact business related processes and principles like that forecasting sales, determining performance and twist of marketing promotions, assessing the influence of new product launching on business income or calculating and forecasting the working of a new business division or department. In fact, data marts are strictly business related software systems. Though, data marts can capture large amounts of data, even hundreds of gigabytes, but it cannot be larger than the data warehouse, which is also used by similar businesses. On the other hand, data marts are more reorient with specific company motives, system requirements and planning and analysis are performed in an effective manner and as a result implementation, design, installation and testing are less expensive as compared to data warehouses (Demarest, 1993 Firesto ne, 1997).In addition, they can be developed rapidly and they are

Human Resource Management 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resource Management 1 - Research Paper fashion modelIn the following paragraph we be going to discuss about all told the six features of a multi ethnic organization Pluralismrefers to the mixed convocation of members in an organization and it also content taking proper measures to involve all the employees entirely that are different in terms of the central group imposing the organization. The concept of pluralism should gull into account all the factors relating to race, religion, language, ethnicity, gender and horticulture which proves to be the basic component of a persons identity and hence are sensitive facets of a persons life. Pluralism is a part of the socializing process. Acculturation helps to a great extent to introduce the concept of pluralism among the employees. Acculturation is the means by which the heathenish disparity between the host/dominant cultural group and a minority cultural group are treated or resolved. There are a number of options for practicing acculturation within the organization, among which the most well-known being 1. An unilateral procedure by which members of the minority culture take on the values and norms of the principal group within the workplace (this is called assimilation) 2. A course of action by which both majority and minority members of different cultural backgrounds accept some customs and rules of the other group (this is known as pluralism) 3. A state of affairs where there is modest scope of variation from distributively of the culturally different groups (this situation is referred to as cultural separatism). Pluralism further refers to the means of encouraging the minority culture groups are to enact the practices from the other cultural groups as well as from the dominant cultural group. They are as a result capable of retaining a sense of individuality within their minority cultural group. The concept of acculturation on the other hand is related to the cultural (customs and attitudes ) characteristic of amalgamation of the versatile groups, as contrasting to simply make themselves physically available in the same setting (Buenker & Ratner, 2005, pp.18-20). ripe structural integrationAn organization generally comprises of people from various backgrounds and different locations. When the firm has minority team members offering their service at every organizational level like responsibly handling all functions and enthusiastically taking part in all work teams, then it is said that the firm has deliver the goods full structural integration. Though, in order to obtain an appropriate knowledge of the structural integration manakin it is significant to look further than the organization oriented summary data, and study the cultural blend in terms of function, individual work team and the level of work done. This involves dealing out with educational specializations and the variations in expertise and treating those evenly all through the organization. Full integr ation of free networksintegration in informal networks in a multicultural organization is fostered through supervising and mentoring programs, particular social occasions and sustaining the cultural groups for the minorities. Such firm

Mastring Management 4330 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mastring Management 4330 - Assignment ExampleThe management team is normally on the ground, and therefrom may have their new ideas and designs, which they may want incorporated. Hence, leaving out the omnibuss in strategy and plan formulation get out result in the new ideas and plans not implemented in a timely manner.Persuasion is one of the power and influence strengths that I leave alone bring in the new company. The consumption of reason allows other employees in the company to see why the new proposed ideas make sense. Consequently, this will descend whether the ideas will be implemented in a timely manner or not. In cases whereby the ideas will not be implemented, the use of intimidation will become necessary. Since the managers still report to their former suck up managers, it is important that managers adjust to the new authority. In addition, applying pressure on the management team will append productivity and reduce absenteeism (300). Introducing an open door pol icy increases the interaction between the subordinates, management and the vice president. In turn, as the vice president, I will know what is happening on the ground, which is important in finding making and increasing power and influence.In the case of absenteeism on the production floor, the retribution strategy will be strong. The managers on the production floor have a close connection with their subordinates, which prevent them from winning any action on their absenteeism. This has led to decrease in productivity. Putting pressure on the manager responsible, threatening him with sacking, will make him act on the absenteeism. Reciprocity strategy will be effective in tackling the issue of decreased productivity. Offering incentives and rewards will motivate both the managers and employees to meet their set targets. winning implementation of the new ideas, strategies and plans will require the managers to understand them. Using the reason strategy, the values and set targets and achievements

Music and sound Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Music and sound - Research Paper ExampleListening to euphony helps relax the body and in most cases a attendant makes some body movements when their favorite melody is played. Some of the movements like shaking of the head could happen unintentionally. Listening to symphony at work has also been seen to improve the performance of listeners (Born, 2013).Music is described as a manifestation of the valet spirit turn others call it food for the soul. In many areas where it is used as a source of entertainment. However, music is not limited to entertaining alone. Listening to music can help a listener to distract themselves from trying and painful situations. Music causes the mind to relax and feel better. Neuroscience has proven that music tends to heighten positive emotions of the listener through reward centers of the human brain (Koelsch, 2011). Music stimulates hits of dopamine that helps to make the listener feel ethical and elated.To savants, music stimulates their creat ivity and assist in their memory. High frequencies of music overtones provide an electrical stimulation to the students brains heightening their attention. Listening to music through tempo, rhythm brings students to different energy levels and moods. Upbeat music prompts changes in their body rhythms and engages rhythmic entertainment, helping learners to maintain focus and re-energize. Background music is also express to prolong the attention span for students (Born, 2013).Other than being a means of entertainment, music has also been discovered to have some medicinal value. Listening to music reduces stress, cures depression and lowers the blood pressure in muckle with high blood pressure. Soothing music renders the body to sleep and calms little babies when crying. Music integrates the mind, body and human spirit (Koelsch, 2011). Music consoles people on low moods bringing some kind of joy and zeal even in difficult situations such as during illnesses and funeral services. Ho wever, every kind of

Bits of Mystery DNA Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bits of Mystery deoxyribonucleic acid - Article Example(Kolata)What is also comminuted to understand that this article has actually focused on the findings which were earlier termed as junk? Scientists have throw out these findings and apparently reduce their role in offering any freshly insights. However, unalike investigate findings indicated in this article has put the onus back on scientists to actually re-evaluate their own opinions and embark on new research. The article has also talk overed the 3 dimensional structure of DNA and how this new discovery can actually pose new challenges for scientists to properly encode and decode those DNAs to achieve the health related benefits.This paper allow discuss the new research which has been discussed in this article and will specifically focus on discussing Stygian matter as well as the 3-D structure of DNA. Besides, this paper will also discuss the impact this new research on DNA might have on overall health related outcome s.Biological tenebrous matter actually hints at the fourth domain of the life i.e. bacetria, archea and eukaryotes the other three. It has been now accepted throughout the academic field that most of the genetic material in different parts of the body is the dark matter with relatively no explanation of what it actually is.Historically DNA Dark Matter has been termed as junk DNA because it was not coded for protein and researchers typically knew little about this dark matter. This junk or dark matter resides in millions of switches that is possessed by the smaller bits of DNA. However, new research clearly now indicates that these smaller switches or the dark matter as it is called can play vital role in determining how different organs and tissues work and how two persons with identical genetic catch can catch different diseases.DNA is a double Helix and unwinding of the same would actually payoff into two different strands and both of them are parallel in

Personal statement, identify your filed of interest Essay

Personal statement, identify your filed of delight - Essay ExampleOne can become civil engineer, however its connected with umpteen challenges. All windings grown by people exist only due to the painstaking labor and the close to accurate calculations. It requires strong translateing of one fact that even slight mistake can begin many problems or even casualties, every day, thousands of people use structures constructed by civil engineers and they should serve them good. thither is no place to mistakes, misconducts or half-precise calculations. Its the greatest challenge I will have workings in civil engineering. People can make mistakes and there is, of course, human factor, to avoid this I should understand my responsibility and ask for help if I am not sure about something. Working in the big team, all members should work like single body. It requires strong communicative skills and ability to team work. flunk to make good relationships with team can result in bad blueprin ts, or even passed mistakes, It is unsufferable and I should adapt to the needs and characters of other people to work with them in cohesive team. Project death penalty also requires great skills, because structure on blueprints can be stable and good developed, however since construction is started I, as civil engineer, should control the construction during each stage to ensure that plan is carrying out

Fire in the SUVs in Southern California Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fire in the SUVs in southerly California - Essay ExampleAlthough these groups of terrorists do not kill people, they still create fear among candid lives. Their manner of espousing their belief of protecting the environment is quite radical. They resort to arson and other similar violent acts. They would not be labeled as terrorists if they only resort to peaceful protests such as magnanimous away stickers which express their abhorrence on SUVs.The people who set fire on the SUVs and some SUV dealerships may be labeled as terrorists because of their clear violation of the criminal laws of the United States, particularly committing an act knockout to human life (Federal Bureau of Investigation 4).The burning of the SUVs was attributed to the Earth Liberation Front (ELF) which is an extremist environmental movement who strongly believes that SUVs are pollutants because of their poor fuel efficiency. Their strategy is to destroy properties which harm the environment. They are sim ilar other terrorists who cause damages amounting to millions of dollars. They claim to be protectors of the environment, but how can they be considered as such if they are sowing terror in society. If this is not terrorism, then what is?

Supprting and assessing learning in practice settings Essay

Supprting and assessing learning in send settings - Essay ExampleMy role as a preceptor is to ensure that Tom achieved the standards and competencies required in his new position, to act as a role model to him and facilitate him to gain knowledge and skills (Gopee 2008).In review of the various recommended best practices in Training of professional writers, there is a strong ferocity at present in personalisation. Even group experiential trainers note that a core precedency in the training of clients is to prompt growth, hence tapping into potential talents and skill which lay dormant beneath the draw close of every individual (Colley 2003, Gibbs 1988, and Gopee 2008).In every conflict within the workplace, there is an ethical solution. However, perhaps the biggest scrap for managers is the effect that decisions can make not only on the bottom line or the team, hardly in regard to their own reputation. Indeed, one critical mistake or mismanagement of a situation, and specially in response to team conflict where decision making is connected to the livelihood of others, can genius to the dissolution of an entire professional history, or at least temporarily so. According to Thill and Boves (2005) Excellence in Business Communications, gauging the mind-set of the people whom you work with is half the battle in settlement team conflict constructively. Mere assertion of authority is generally not enough to resolve unhealthful behaviors regarding a decision. In fact, as Thill & Bove argue, win-win strategies require managers to 1) express understanding 2) make people apprised of their resistance 3) evaluate others objections fairly and 4) hold their own arguments until the other people are ready for them. industry is not always easy in these situations, as managers may become side-tracked from thoroughly grappling with ingrained problems taking place within team dynamics, and in doing so, ethical and precise responses to challenges may go unmet, pull do wn morale,

Health Condition and Childhood Obesity Assignment - 81

Health Condition and puerility Obesity - Assignment ExampleObesity or overweight is a significant health issue, which must be dealt with accordingly due to its risk agents, for cardiovascular diseases such as high tune mash and high cholesterol.Stanhope and Lancaster (2012), in chapter 28 and 29 of Public Health Nursing Population-Centered Health Care in Community, identifies and describes some family health risks one of them beingness a child and adolescent health. These authors also identify that corpulency is one of the most significant health issues affecting both young children and teenagers. Childhood obesity, in children and adolescent, has both short-term and long-term effects on well-being and health, which makes it a public health challenge. Obese teenagers guide higher risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and their health-related conditions than adults are. For instance, according to CDC report, 70 percent of teenagers, in 5- to 7-year-olds, had a risk factor fo r cardiovascular disease (CDC, 2013). Additionally, telling adolescents are at higher risks of having prediabetes, which is a health condition where blood glucose level shows high chances of developing diabetes. Obese children and teenagers are also at higher risk for pronounce and bone problems, and psychological and social problems such as poor self-esteem and stigmatization (CDC, 2013). Obesitys long-term effects, which make it a public health challenge, include the likelihood of children and adolescent becoming obese adults and its related health conditions such as osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes, stroke and several types of cancer. Moreover, overweight is associated with an increase risk factor for a number of cancer such as kidney, colon, breast, ovary, prostate, cervix, bladder and pancreas cancer (CDC, 2013).Ophthalmologists being medical practitioners need to understand the effects and prevention of obesity in children and adolescent. The primaryprevention scheme for thi s health condition is adopting healthy lifestyle habits. These include having regular physical activity and adopting healthy eating as these can lower the risk of developing obesity and related diseases (CDC, 2013).

Outsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Outsourcing - Essay Examplesourcing lies in the incompatibility of effective stakeholder employment with outsourcing projects especially those who outsource globally because very often this outsourcing takes place in far-flung corners of the world and which the stakeholders muster it difficult to handle because of clash of culture and work environment. Like any other business the outsourcing growth has its own pros and cons which play a big hand in either the success or the nonstarter of the project. If the management of the tow parties is excellent and there is mutual trust and understanding between the firm and the trafficker during the ongoing outsourcing project, the entire process will be successful and not incompatible with effective stakeholder participation.engineering in the information sector has progressed in leaps and bounds and entirely dominates modern life. From the lordly space doll to the lowly air conditioner appliance, computers are a part and parcel of every electronic strategy. To meet the inescapably of various types of systems and organizations dependent on those systems, different types of system development approaches have evolved. Some of them are prototyping, rapid application development, system development life cycle or SDLC and object oriented methodology. The whole take of these methods is to enable the stakeholders to use reliable, steady and easy-to-maintain systems. The stakeholders may be technical supporters, direct managers, daily users and anyone who can participate in the system. Outsourcing is basically the result of the insistent demand for high quality information systems or IS along with the burden of paring down costs in the internal information technology or IT part of companies. As mentioned earlier, these last few years have seen the rapid development of Information System Outsourcing and many another(prenominal) companies either outsource part or wholly of there is services to a third troupe which can be one or many vendors. This essay will briefly discus system

Financial accounting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

fiscal peak statement - Research Paper Example formula 3-1 firmness of purposea. The accounts impacted by the transaction are Cash and Notes Payableb. both Cash and Notes Payable accounts increased.c. Cash and Notes Payable accounts increased by $5,000.d. Total Assets increased by $5,000, Total Liabilities increased by $5000, Total Equity, until now remained unchanged.Practice 3-2Solutiona. The accounts impacted by the transaction are Cash and bolt downb. Cash account decreased while Land account increased.c. Cash decreased by $45,000. Land increased by $45,000.d. Total Assets, Total Liabilities and Total Equity remained unchanged.Practice 3-11 Solution20XXMay 1 Cash.. . 125,000Notes Payable.. 125,000Borrowed from Far West Bank signing a 2-yearnote at 14% Practice 3-12 Solution20XXMay 14 Land.. 45000Cash.. 45000Bought land on west side of Hatu LakePractice 3-16 Solution confer with to Practice 3-11Notes Payable20XX20XXMay1 Beg. Bal. 0 May1 Cash 125000 May30 End. Bal. 125000 Cash2 0XX20XXMay1 Beg. Bal. 0 May1 Notes Payable 125,000 May30 End. Bal. $125,000Refer to Practice 3-12Land20XX20XXMay1 Beg. Bal. 0 May14 Cash 45000 May30 End. Bal. $45000 Cash20XX20XXMay1 Beg. Bal. 0 May 14 Land 45000 May30 End. Bal....These are called generally pass judgment because they are widely accepted by business community. Otherwise, these rules will have no application in business.In the USA, Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) develops GAAP. It is a private body that sets both long and specific rules (Wild, 2005). Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is another government entity that sets reporting requirements for companies that issues stock to general public.In summing up to above-mentioned two bodies, there is another board called International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) that establishes International Financial Reporting Standards. This is an attempt to establish a harmonious and consistent system of accounting throughout the globe. However, IASB cannot trim down these rules to organizations.The main objective of GAAP is to make financial information relevant, reliable and comparable (Wild, 2005). Managers decisions are highly affected by the relevant financial information. Adherence to GAAP offers reliability to financial information and wins the corporate trust of the user. Good understanding of these principles is necessary especially when you are comparing the performance of two or much companies, especially when the companies belong to different industries or countries.An adjusting entry is necessary to bring assets/ liabilities and revenu

World War I Essay Example for Free

reality War I Es assureIn a major humans event such as world war, the world economy is over untold affected. At first it is move to know that at that place is a boost in economy during the war. Actually, the scotchal problem really took address after the war. Indeed, economic quoin happens as an aftermath of a war like what happened after World War I. Just like the case of 1921 ceding back, the world economy go through its worst condition geezerhood after the war. What is the reason for that? Economic experts believe that the end of war sen cristalce production as healthy as the influx of travel soldiery caused a extensive recession in the world economy. In a major world event such as world war, the world economy is much affected. At first it is surprising to know that in that respect is a boost in economy during the war. Actually, the economic problem really took place after the war. Indeed, economic recession happens as an aftermath of a war like what happene d after World War I. Just like the case of 1921 recession, the world economy experienced its worst condition years after the war. What is the reason for that? Economic experts believe that the end of war time production as well as the influx of returning troops caused a great recession in the world economy.During World War I, there were a lot of war time link productions such as weapons that cause a certain boost in worlds economy. If there ar greater productions, it follows that a lot of labor is needed. This will lessen the rate of unemployment in those countries that are involved in the war. In the case of World War I, the production of war related products stop which means that a lot of workers who are related to the said industry lose their job. The increase in the production of funds because of the increase in war expenditure resulted to inflation.Although there is an increase of the number of money in the circulation, still the economy is not in good situation because of h igh prices. Other than that, those troops who return after the war added to the number of unemployed people. Although the America experienced the worst effect of recession in 1921, still countries such as United States was able to recover and even experience economic growth. New factories that are producing radios and automobiles emerged.Aside from that, a lot of women left their work to give way to the returning troops. That is the reason why it was easy for the United States economy to recover after the post war recession. only still the economic growth that the United States had experienced gave way to what is cognize as great depression. The great depression in US economy started when a breakdown in the stock market had occurred known as Black Tuesday. As we look at the world wide great depression, we cannot say that it is a sudden collapse of the world economy.Black Tuesday was just the start of it. In 1930, US government and affair spent so much but the consumers who suffer ed from a great loses during the black Tuesday decreased their expenditures by ten percent. Other than that, there was a severe drought in the US during that time. As a result, individual(prenominal) income, tax revenues, income and profit, as well as international profession had declined. Meanwhile, there is also a judgement that the Great depressive disorder was caused by poor policy of the American Federal Reserve System.Because of the belief that it is for the canon of money, the said institution allowed the money supply to shrink. They believed that they can recover easily just like what happened during the 1921 recession. They didnt expect that it will affect a great number of investor that will cause them to stop investing. Meanwhile, there are also other historians who blame the U. S. Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act in the decline of international trade which later worsened the Great Depression.Because of the fact that foreign trade is just a small split of their economy, US ha d ignored the possibility of affecting the economy of other countries. As a conclusion, we can say that the experience of fast recovery from the post World War I recession gave so much confidence to the US economy that they ignored the possibility of another economic breakdown such as the Great Depression. Because of their so much economic security, they did some careless act that lead to Great Depression and even worsening the situation.

The way these issues are presented in the play Essay Example for Free

The way these issues argon presented in the play EssayThings take a treat for the worsened when the reverend starts to question Abigail ab disclose her relationship with nates Proctor. Now Abigail can see that things can turn against her and she answers her uncle by saying delicacy Proctor had wanted to use her as a slave and uses the declare I will not black my face for any of them. Abigail also lets it be copen to her uncle that Goody Proctor is a bitter woman who only wants to spread gossip, she assures her uncle that her name is white in the village. Abigail is nerve-racking very hard to get out of a very delicate situation, she can see that by giving the whole truth she will be at the very least cast out of the village and at the very worst named as a temptress, but she should have realised that her uncle would never have allowed her to be named as a witch as this would have destroyed his good name. in that respect is a meeting convened in the church where Reverend P arriss informs the plenty of capital of Oregon that their may be an wickedness spirit lurking in the village and that he has called in a man by the name of Mr pull to come and see if there are any witches in the village and he reminds them of the trial of a witch in Beverly which came to nothing as Mr Hale had found the woman not to be a practicing witch.At this point Abigail runs from the church along with the other girls who had been in the woodwind with her. All the girls involved in the magical rites become hysterical and try to wake one of the girls in this case it is Betty Parriss. Betty awakes and blames Abigail saying she is a blood drinker who drank the blood of a chicken to kill Goody Proctor. This is not what Abigail wants to hear she k straightaways the implications and she threatens Betty with stately events if she tells about the blood drinking.We now see Proctor with many of the leaders of the village, downstairs in the Reverends house, discussing the children wh o are in a trance like state and also discussing the bringing in of a witch hunter. One of these muckle is Rebecca Nurse who is an elder of the village and she like John Proctor always speaks sense experience and knows that the children are acting up because they have been caught doing something wrong in the woods.I understand from all this that those people who have nothing to fear in their lives are just speaking the truth but people like Parriss are looking for a way out of their own problems and so are rattling making the problem grow. Abigail meets up with John Proctor in the village and you can tell that John knows that it is Abigail who has caused the problems in the village but that he finds her very childlike and at this point does not know how dangerous Abigail is.In fact Abigail admits to John at this point that they were only messing about in the woods and that what they were doing was nothing more than a childish prank and not real witchcraft. Abigail on the other d eliberate wants the love of John Proctor but John refuses Abigail and he tells her that they will not carry on their affair he says to her I will cut of my hand before reaching for you again. Abigail reacts in a very jealous way as she is burning with jealousy and says terrible things to John about his wife Goody Proctor.John is calm and tells her not to speak badly of his wife. If we are being fair to Abigail at this point we should understand that she was deeply in love with John Proctor, she did not think of their liaison as an quick affair but one of deep love and she could not understand why she was now being shunned by the man she loved so much. The witch hunter Hale arrives in Salem he has come from Beverly and when he meets with John Proctor the two men acknowledge that they are twain intelligent men who want to get to the bottom of an increasingly disastarous problem.

A Review of Bathing Beauties Essay Example for Free

A Review of clean Beauties Es avowAnna Schnur-Fishman presents a compelling argument for teaching healthy dead body show and self admire in her article Bathing Beauties. Set in the common lavish of a summer camp, Schnur-Fishman draw how she and her friends developed their positive body image. Through group support and open conversations, the girls who showered in the communal shower and learned that beauty was not what they saw on TV or on a billboard. In fact, they learned that no atomic number 53 re eithery take careed like those images. And through this communal showering the girls learned to love their bodies and all their imperfections. These experiences and lessons were such that Schnur-Fishman and her friends have carried then throughout their lives. Anna Schnur-Fishman makes several interesting and valid points in favor of the communal showering in the BIK. First she discussed the idea of community support. According to Schnur-Fishman, every unrivaled had to sho wer together, so no one was faultfinding(prenominal) of anothers bodies.In fact, Schnur-Fishman, discussed one conversation where all the girls say out loud one thing they did not like about themselves. As a friend of the authors stated, she neer noticed the flaws the other girls. The realization showed her that if she was not paying attention to others flaws, others were not paying attention to hers. This answer instilled in them that girls can tactual sensation beautiful no matter what they may think is wrong with their bodies. This is a beautiful idea because, as Schnur-Fishman notes, outside American culture often does not provide five-year-old girls this type of support.Instead, our culture, more than any other, pushes an unrealistic image of female beauty. Schnur-Fishman continued to discuss the idea of multigenerational exposure. At peak shower times, the age range in the shower could be from 8-25 years old. This allowed for the older girls to genuinely be role models for the youngisher girls. In todays culture, young girls look up to actresses and models, these images do nothing but further warp a girls sense of self and body image.Following in line with this idea, the author stated that the BIK was a reality check. Again, no one is perfect. The only way for a young girl to learn this is to see that others have flaws and no one really pays them any attention. Schnur-Fishman also stated that she believed the communal shower was a way to push bum against American culture. By feeling good about oneself and not being ashamed, a girl has power over what the mainstream culture is trying to teach her. She mentioned that how good they felt should have been criminal.Schnur-Fishman make a valid point here because it often does seem very unacceptable for a female to feel good about herself. Find a group of females and listen to their conversation. Chances are you will hear them sound off about how bad they look or how fat they feel. You can almost guar antee that if one of the females said something positive about themselves, she would get the cold shoulder or some negative response from the others (eyes rolling, fake, shallow agreement, talking behind her back when she goes to the bathroom, etc).The last point the author discussed was the joy she felt in the BIK. She stated that it was liberating, being free and remembering what is was like before she cared about her body. It gave her and the other girls the chance to relax and let loose. They did not have to try to up hold any type of image. I think the Schnur-Fishman made some very good points. It is unfortunate that even in todays culture, were we say we pull ahead healthy living and encourage self esteem, so many girls suffer.The images we show our young girls and the words we say contradict each other, only confusing ours girls into personally insecurities. We tell them to love them selves no matter what they look like. Then we show them that beauty is comes in tall and sk inny package, with clear skin. This unrealistic body image is causing more emotional and health related problems among our young girls than sometimes we care to realize. Giving our young girls opportunities to feel good about them self is only the first step to reclaiming their own personal power.

A Formalist Approach on A Supermarket in California by Allen Ginsberg Essay Example for Free

A Formalist Approach on A Supermarket in California by Allen Ginsberg EssayAllen Ginsberg is considered to be one of the most influential poet of every(prenominal) time. He is regarded one of the most influential personalities of the beat generation during the 1950s and 1960s. His works became known for assaulting the commonplace conformity and materialism in the United States during his time. One of his best known work is the poem A Supermarket in California. It would be very interesting to approach a work of Ginsberg according to formalist standards.A formalist approach the work of Ginsberg would only identify to us that he deliberately breaks-off from the conventions batch by formalism. According to the cadence of formalism, an art work should only be judged according to the set conventions of its form. Poetry under formalism could too be considered as traditional poetry. In poetry, formalism would be more concerned with the form, rhyme scheme, and meter. Ginsbergs A Supermarket in California violates many formalist standards.It would be important to note that the poem is not metered and thither is no apparent end rhymes. The poem is actually written in long lines following the free-verse form. Free-verse is in general considered as an open genre of poetry wherein structure, rhyme, and meter are not prioritized (Lawlor 208). Reading orally would reveal to us that the poem is intended to be read. The poem takes on a poetic yet colloquial tone.However, an interesting survey about free-verse is that there is still some sense of control, something that holds the poem together, namely the fiction. In this particular aspect of the poem, some sense of standard is found, therefore quasi-formalist. Ginsberg had used the supermarket as a metaphor for the society, wherein people are just produce aisles full of husbands / wives in the avocados / babies in the tomatoes. Ginsberg had portrayed Walt Whitman and Garcia Lorca as shoppers in the neon fruit supermarket.It should be noted that Whitman and Lorca are regarded as two of the greatest poets in the tarradiddle of literature. The metaphor is suggesting that the society is abundant with people whom poets could pick as an inspiration of their works. Another important aspect to be considered is that Allen Ginsberg is heavily associated with the beat generation, a group of writers dedicated to subvert the standards set by formalists (Lawlor 340).Without a doubt, Ginsbergs work on A Supermarket in California would not pass the standards of formalist poetry. However, we must set Ginsbergs poem within its context. The audience Ginsberg had was not entertained by formalist poetry. That is why he had written the poem in a simple and conversational manner. This is one of most admirable aspects of Allen Ginsbergs poetry. after(prenominal) all, it all boils down to priority. A poet should decide which is more important, the message of the poem or the form?

Dolphins Essay Example for Free

Dolphins Essaybottlenose mahimahis mint grow to be thirteen feet long and weigh up to 600 pounds (Bottlenose Dolphins). This makes bottlenose mahimahis the largest of the beaked dolphins (Dolphin interrogation Center). Bottlenose dolphins comport slick and rubbery skin with no sweat glands or hair. Their epidermis is go to twenty times thicker than that of former(a) mammals. It can be replaced all(prenominal) twain hours, which is nine times windy than human skin. The peeling of their skin helps to reduce drag when they swim. The skin is dark gray on their backs, and fades to snow-white or pink on their bellies.This coloring is called countershading. From above the dolphins blend in with the dark water below, and from underneath they blend in with the sunlight. Countershading helps dolphins hide from predators and prey (Bottlenose Dolphins). Bottlenose dolphins argon piscivors, or weight-eaters. They have eighty-eight to unity hundred small, sharp teeth for grasping slippery squid and fish (Parker and Burton) (Dolphin Research Center). When catching fish, dolphins unremarkably herd a school of fish together and then dash through the school 1 at a time to feed.It has been observed where 200 bottlenose dolphins were in a single row, operative together to find food. Dolphins can too use their tail flukes to toss a fish bulge unwrap of the water and then retrieve the shocked prey (Bottlenose Dolphins). If a dolphin catches a large fish, it go forth smack the fish on the ocean floor or the waters surface to hightail it it into smaller portions (McClintock). After a dolphin catches its prey, it uses its tongue to swallow the fish and push the water out of its mouth (Dolphin Research Center).Dolphins can eat up to thirty pounds of fish in one day, so it is useful that they have three stomach compartments, similar to that of a cow (McClintock) (Lockley 69). Bottlenose dolphins find fish by using echolocation. This is when a dolphin sends out a beam of short sonar pulses from its melon, or forehead. The beam reflects off of fish or other objects and echoes back to the lower jaw. The echoes are then send to the ear bones where they are characterized. Using echolocation, dolphins are able to locate prey that is buried up to one and a half feet under the sand (Cahill 140-141).Bottlenose dolphins are excellent swimmers. They can ricochet up to sixteen feet in the air. Three to seven miles per hour is their normal swimming speed, but they can reach speeds of eighteen to twenty- cardinal miles per hour. Dolphins also porpoise, which is when a dolphin swims fast enough to repetitively get under ones skin out of the water and back under the water in one swift movement. This uses less crusade than swimming fast at the oceans surface. When dolphins swim in deep open water, they practically dive. They dive to 150 feet regularly, but they have been recorded diving up to 2,000 feet (Bottlenose Dolphins).When a dolphin require to repose, it comes to the surface, pass aways, and then inhales. If a dolphin stays underwater for a very long time, it can exhale at all over 100 miles per hour (Cahill 77). It only takes about 0. 3 seconds for dolphins to breathe (Bottlenose Dolphins). Dolphins exchange 80% of their lung air with each breath when humans breathe, they exchange only 17% (Bottlenose Dolphins). They come to the surface to breathe every twenty-eight seconds when they are not diving, but they can hold their breath for up to dozen minutes (McClintock) (Bottlenose Dolphins).Before a dolphin can hold its breath for a long time, it has to in arrears its heart rate down to 12 beats per minute. A slow heart rate helps to keep abreast energy and oxygen while diving (Dolphin Research Center). In order for dolphins to be able to swim, they have to have fins. Bottlenose dolphins have three different types of fins on their bodies. The most recognizable is the dorsal fin. It is laid in the center of the back and is the cause of dolphins sometimes being conf utilise with sharks. The dorsal fin is helpful for balance but is not essential.Dolphins also have flippers on both sides of their bodies called pectoral fins that are used to steer. The bones in pectoral fins look similar to human hands because they have five digits. The two parts of a dolphins tail are called flukes. Tail flukes are made up of tough connective tissue with no bones or muscle. The tails spread is 20% of the total body length. The dolphins back muscles move the flukes up and down to push the dolphin through the water. All of the fins and flippers use the process of countercurrent heat exchange to conserve body heat.This gist that the arteries in the fins are surrounded by smaller veins so that some of the heat from the personal credit line is transferred to the blood in the veins instead of being released to the environment (Bottlenose Dolphins). Dolphins need to conserve heat to stay warm in cooler waters. The lif espan of a bottlenose dolphin is twenty to thirty years. They can reproduce every three years for their entire lives starting at the age of six (Bottlenose Dolphins) (Cahill 98). The gestation period lasts twelve months.Baby dolphins, called calves, are usually born tail-first to prevent drowning, and the umbilical cord between the acquire dolphin and calf snaps during parentage (Cahill 98) (McClintock). 85% of all firstborn calves die (McClintock). Newborn calves typically weigh twenty-two to forty-four pounds and are thirty-nine to fifty-three inches long (Bottlenose Dolphins). Since dolphins are mammals, calves drink milk produced in the mothers body (World Book 296). Mother dolphins have to swim constantly with their calves in their slipstream because newborns do not have enough blubber to easily float (Hecker).At about four months old, teenage start to eat fish and are entirely weaned from milk between the ages of one year and eighteen months (Lockley 169). Each dolphin dev elops a signature whistle at one month old. In order for calves to recognize their mothers by their whistle, mothers whistle to their calves almost constantly for several days after birth (Bottlenose Dolphins). A dolphin will stay with its mother for at least six years and some dolphins stay with their mothers for their entire lives (Bottlenose Dolphins). Bottlenose dolphins are very social animals.They travel in pods, which are groups of two to fifteen dolphins (Bottlenose Dolphins). Dolphins are very protective of each other, and they have killed sharks that were too close to their pod by repeatedly hitting them in the gills (Lockley 172). They will also try to save an injured or departed dolphin by keeping it at the surface for hours or even days (Lockley 19). Bottlenose dolphins are usually very friendly towards humans. Some wild dolphins even go into bays and interact with them (Dolphin Research Center). Dolphins also love to have fun. In captivity, they enjoy teasing each oth er and humans that are just about their tanks (Lockley 48).In the wild, dolphins like to ride ocean waves or a boats stern or bow wake (Bottlenose Dolphins). They sometimes toss jellyfish and seaweed to one another and use plastic, seaweed, or other objects as dolphin jewelry on their fins, beaks, and necks (Cahill 93). Bottlenose dolphins truly are intriguing and individual animals. Its hard to believe that some people actually hunt them. Beloved and admired by many, they should be protected in both captivity and the wild. Bottlenose dolphins have been entertaining people in for over eighty years, and hopefully they will continue to do so for many years to come.

Alcohol Abuse And Alcohol Dependence Essay Example for Free

inebriant Abuse And alcohol Dependence EssayAccording to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders, Alcohol Abuse is defined as the harmful use of alcohol. Harmful use of Alcohol similarly implies the disgraceful use of alcohol and its physical and mental effects. Alcohol abusers according to the study are more given to drink- seeking behaviors and alcohol tolerance. They can consume large amounts of alcohol to Alcohol abusers also have the psychological capacity to think of alcohol as a way to cure hangovers and exhibit the compulsion or the urge to drink or the compulsive need to consume alcohol. Those who exhibit alcohol abuse also show signs of alcohol abuse.Alcohol dependence is defined as a chronic disease that is influenced by the social and environmental factors. According to experts, Alcohol dependence is used by a person to countermand social and emotional problems in life. There are four signs of alcohol dependenceConstant craving for alcoholWi thdrawal symptoms associated with the sudden stop of alcohol wasting diseaseInability to stop alcohol consumptionAlcohol toleranceAlcohol dependence brings about certain signs that show that a person is alcohol dependentThe urge to drink every morningDrinking alone and to feel comfortable somewhat peopleDrinking to the point of experiencing blackout or results to intoxificationDrinking to relieve tension or lessen emotional or mental problemsReferencesAlcohol Dependence. (n.d.). Retrieved from The Health Authority http//www.healthauthority.com/AlcoholDependence.htm

Health Law and Regulations Essay Example for Free

Health Law and Regulations try onHealth c be is high on the list of the most regulated entities. Regulated by the government, the wellness circumspection sector is in addition regulated by different private bodies. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) together with the National Committee on Quality Assurance (NCQA) and different aesculapian specialties form part of the private wellness electric charge regulatory entities that collaborate with the government. Health care equity is focused on collar main roles terms control, timberland control, and access expansion and control. These three functions are subdivided into objectives covering each aspect pertaining to the health care area.While the regulatory program exists to accomplish the three above-mentioned objectives, the implementation of each objective affects one another. Example, quality control causes a reduction of access, and increases the cost because of an increase in de mand. Despite the interdependence of these objectives, health care linguistic rule does not indulge rivalry amongst the regulatory bodies. Important in the regulatory industry are those who engage each other with the comparable goal towards improving the health care. A majority of the health care regulatory federal agencies in the States are comprised within the Federal Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS).The American typography directs all health care regulators to obey the set legal process as their activities contain the authorization to limit or breach the rights of health care. Health care is a high level of bureaucracy and extensive legal procedures. Regulators are provided a notice for their proposed regulation with findings to support it, after which the sector under(a) regulation is allowed to contest or appeal the proposal. The legal process is appealed in every health care procedure, whether if its to test a new drug, suspend a practitioners license, or a regulation onenvironmental standards.The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is a health care regulation signed into truth on the 23rd of March, 2010. The laws main focus had been to increase the affordability and quality of American health insurance. Its policies were focused on lowering the rates imposed on the uninsured done the expansion of both the private and public insurance covers. It had also aimed to reduce the health care be incurred by the government along with citizens. Barely seven days after its enforcement had a new health care law come into performance with amendments to the ACA. On March 30, 2010, the president of the United States signed into law the Healthcare and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010. The law had been enacted by the 111th US congress (Blackman, 2013).The ACA has advantages as disadvantages, and has been at the forefront of political criticism since its passage. Its strongest opponents have cited it to be punitive of the high-end earners to cushion t he spunk and lower classes. It has also been reported to weigh heavily on the nations wage bill. In a nutshell, the ACA is designed to cover the majority of Americans health care insurance. However, the regulations cost fixings has proven unsustainable without frugalally hurting the high earning entities. The effect of ACAs implementation has caused an overall negative economic realignment as dissimilar entities strive to remain afloat working hours have been significantly downsized by various corporations in anticipation of unsustainable insurance compliance.The ACA regulation is seen as an economically crippling element in Americas overall economic composite. The enormous tax burden shouldered by high earning entities is certify to trickle down to the middle and low income earners which resultantly deduces the benefits intended for these groups in an even more severe way. To pose with, although the ACA provides affordable or free health care insurance to tens of millions o f American populations, funding is raised done taxes. With a hike in taxes for health care funding, earning populations are left with less to spend. The American middle and low income groups are even more affected by the adverse effects as ostentatiousness sets in to recover the growing deficit induced by theregulations implementation.The ACA had been endorsed as an affordability go-ahead but the repercussive costs have indicated the regulation as a costly affair across the board. damages players report certain clauses in the regulation as detrimental to the process. An example is the regulations directive for insurance to exsert their coverage even to sick uninsured people at no extra cost. The resultant effect has been the rise in insurance premium costs which further complicates the insurers role in the initiative. Nearly all the beneficial aspects within the regulation are countered with contradictory challenges that undermine its purpose.While Medicaid is expand by the reg ulation to cover an estimate 15.9 million citizens below 138% of the property level, the cost is met by resign and federal funding which further imposes an immense measure of tax escalation. The regulation however features more benefits than limitations with involve to women initiatives. The ACA grants up to 47 million women access to health care services comprising wellness and preventative care. Additionally, the law prohibits women paying more than men for health care services as had been the case prior to ordinance (Blackman, 2013).The ACA regulation started 157 new agencies, boards and programs to oversee the efficient implementation of the law alongside regulating health care spending. Although there are negative cost implications associated with the huge oversight entities provisioned in the regulation, proponents argue these costs to be necessary in controlling the unaccounted health care expenditure (Blackman, 2013).Employment in America is presently readjusting to comp ly with the regulations 2015 implementation phase requiring all employers to provide an insurance cover on their employees. The resultant effect to this change has been two faced small business have been employing part fourth dimension employees full season to comply with the 2015 mandate while large businesses have been reducing part time working hours to avoid paying the employees insurance when the phase is implemented.The ACA is illustrated as a complex employment factor with many jobs feared to be lost as many new ones are created. Notably, the regulation projects anoutcome where employees get out freely leave their respective jobs without fear for losing retirement benefits affiliated to health care. Accordingly, the regulation aims to decrease employees working hours while maintaining and creating new employment opportunities. Despite the employment benefits highlighted within the ACA, many citizens remain skeptical of the upcoming 2015 employer-insurance phase. Dissenti ng political sentiments are pitching the impending reforms as a negative aspect of the ACA enactment set to diminish numerous job opportunities.Federal and private health care regulation be as an important component in the broader sense of the health industry covering every adept aspect entailed in human health. The quality, cost and access control objectives are characteristic to every health related industry. With regard to personal experience, I have on several occasions observed health check licenses revoked for certain practitioners following a legal process to dispute the quality displayed by the practitioners in context. The two mentioned above 2010 health care regulations contain a complex and mostly long term order of business aimed at bettering the quality of health care services in America. The current challenges are largely short-term and should not be invoked to undermine long-term benefits. A healthy debate is however essential to tick minimized negations througho ut the implementation process.ReferencesTop of ashesBlackman, J. (2013). Unprecedented The constitutional challenge to Obamacare. Bottom of Form

Assisted suicide Essay Example for Free

Assisted self-destruction EssayShould aid suicide or compassion killing be legal in situations where an individual is experiencing intense trauma? This question brings to light moral and respectable issues which take in been the cause of heated debate for several years. In an attempt to find an answer, support suicide, euthanasia, and mercy killings must first be defined.Assisted suicide is when some one and only(a) provides an individual who is physic entirelyy able, with the means required to end his or her own liveliness. euthanasia is when someone provides the means necessary and then performs the act that fool aways the feeling of another individual. This act may take place either with or without the consent of the individual who is suffering. Euthanasia is performed when expiry is considered to be in the best interest of the individual in question. (Mathes, 2004) Euthanasia is often performed by administering radically high doses of narcotics, sedatives or an tidepressants. The unhurried role develops respiratory depression which tops in death. (Panzer, 2000)Doctor Jack Kevorkian emerged in the public eye in 1990 due to his involvement in the assisted suicides of at least cxxx people. Although many people credit him for soak uping the in good order-to- exit movement, he did not. He acted entirely on his own beginning(a) until he was charged and convicted of befriend degree murder in the death of Thomas Youk. Kevorkian didnt launch the movement, but his actions did bring the right to die issue into the lime light. (Humphry, 2007) in that respect be pros and cons of assisted suicide. some(prenominal) sides of the issue ar juted for specific reasons. All of the reasons are completely understandable. Unfortunately, whether or not you body forth assisted suicide is a matter of each individuals moral and ethical guidelines. The wholly factor that is definite is the fact that its illegal.The Pros of Assisted Suicide Patients are rel ieved of extreme suffering Many illnesses including cancer cause a slow death accompanied by excruciating pain. Doctors get along when a patient is going to die as the result of an illness. Some believe that abideing a patient to experience such unbearable pain when they are going to die anyway is inhumane and unacceptable. either soul has the right to fill whether they live or die The constitution doesnt state that a person doesnt have the right to choose death. Therefore, e genuinelyone has the right to choose for themselves. Patients have the right to die with their dignity intact Many goal illnesses cause people to slowly deteriorate until they lose tone have of their bodily functions. In situations such as this, patients are stripped of their dignity. They dont want their families to phone them this way. Patients should have the right to choose death with dignity. The cost of health cautiousness can be greatly reduced Health care costs for the terminally ill can add up readily and dip into any money or assets that the patient wanted to leave to family members in their pull up stakes. If a person would or else die than then should be able to exercise that right. Medical staff can dedicate more time to saving lives Understaffed hospitals are common in the United States. Situations such as this can affect the quality of care and can even cause overtired hospital staff to project errors that could be potentially harmful to patients. Caring for dying patients takes a lot of time. If a patient would rather die and are allowed to do so, then hospital staff could devote more time to the care of patients who will recover. Disallowing suicide infringes on the patients religious freedoms Religious beliefs include life in the hereafter. Laws disallowing suicide allow the political science to force their religious and moral beliefs on everyone else. Assisted suicide can make it easier on family Families often experience as such(prenominal) pai n as their dying family member. They are often chasten by grief and stress by watching a loved one suffer, knowing they are going to die anyway. Oftentimes patients would prefer to die rather than to watch their family members hurt so much. Allowing the patient to choose death can ease the pain and suffering of the family and the patient. Healthy variety meat can be harvested to save the life of someone else Hundreds of people are on organ waiting lists waiting for level-headed organs needed to save their lives. When a patient is slowly dying, their organs begin to shut down and cease to function making them unusable as a donor organs. If a patient is allowed to die, their organs can be used to save lives. Patients who want to die may attempt suicide on their own If patients choose to end their lives on their own, they will use whatever means necessary. Sometimes they choose a bullet or a noose and this can be devastating to the family. Assisted suicide is a more humane way for patients to die.(Messerli, 2007)The Cons of Assisted Suicide Violation of the Hippocratic Oath When doctors take part in assisted suicides they are violated the Hippocratic Oath which includes, First, do no harm. Furthermore, it would bring down the trust between doctor and patient. Assisted suicide devalues human life In the United States when death occurs, we mourn and part of the process includes celebrating the life of the person who died with memorial services, wakes and other ceremonies. When there are tragedies that result in loss of life, we donate money to the families who suffered loss. Americans place value on a human life and taking a life through assisted suicide because its the easy way out, eliminates that value. Legalizing assisted suicide could lead to abuses If the United States legalizes assisted suicide for dying patients there will some who will use it as a catalyst to legalize all suicide due to emotional or psychological issues or simply because a person no longer desires to live. This would be a travesty. kilobyte shall not kill. Just about every religion has laws against killing. Allowing assisted suicide would demean the religious and moral values of our society. Patients would give up as head as easily If a patient is given a terminal diagnosis and assisted suicide is legal, they may choose to give up on life too soon. There have been miraculous recoveries and incorrect diagnosis. Patients, who choose death too soon, may forfeit their second chance at life. Insurance companies would put on the pressure If assisted suicide was an option, doctors would be pressured by insurance companies to act. Insurance companies would save a lot of money by not having to pay for the health care of dying patients Too much power for doctors Legalizing assisted suicide would put too much power in the doctors hands which could cause them to act in an unethical or immoral manner.(Messerli, 2007)Although the American Medical Association is aga inst physician assisted suicide, there are still doctors who support and participate in this practice. In one physician survey done by physicians in operating room it was found that 53% of the physicians asked, approved of assisted suicide and 24% supported euthanasia. When a patient was experiencing extreme physical weakness, 37% of the physicians asked, supported assisted suicide and 24% supported euthanasia. In situations where patients believed that they were causing groundless distress to their loved ones, 24% of physicians supported assisted suicide and 7% supported euthanasia.When patients had lost all hope in living, physicians supported assisted suicide by 22% and 7% supported euthanasia. In another survey taken by a group of one-hundred and fifty-five oncologists, it was found that 15.8% admitted to participating in either assisted suicide or euthanasia. In 60.5% of the cases, patients requested euthanasia or assisted suicide. There were 15.8% of patients who didnt make t he decision that their life be ended, but the decision was made for them. Research seems to consistently reveal that a small number of doctors, nurses and other healthcare workers have admitted to participating in goal the lives of patients. (Panzer, 2000)Incidentally, the American Nurses Association to a fault opposes assisted suicide and euthanasia. The ANA defines the standards expected and the ethics by which nurses are bound. The ANA also developed the The Code for Nurses and published it in 1976. The Code serves as a guide for practicing nurses, as well as a guide for evaluating nurses. The ANA further expresses that the nursing profession follows in the tradition of the Hippocratic Oath, do no harm. There is often a thin line between the preservation of life and a dignified death, but the Code emphatically observes its opposition to assisted suicide and euthanasia. However, the ANA views the withdrawal of treatments meant to sustain life such as a ventilator, chemotherapy or a feeding tube, as within the rights of the patient. (Mathes, 2004)Surprisingly, very fewer patients actually follow through with assisted suicides. Many feel that since so few people are seriously interested in assisted suicide that the need for legislation isnt justified. Only one in ten patients request the lethal medications and only half ingest it. Knowing that assisted suicide is an option is a comfort for dying patients. Even if they never do it, they know theres a way out if their pain and suffering becomes unbearable. However, many hospice caregivers contend that the pain isnt so much a concern for the patients as is their quality of life. (Jeffrey, 2006)Family members, who have experienced assisted suicide first-hand, have mixed reactions. While some describe the death of their loved one as peaceful or beautiful, some are devastated because their loved one chose death. Family members give similar descriptions of the natural deaths of loved ones. (Jeffrey, 2006)The questi on of whether or not assisted suicide or euthanasia should be legalized or not is a very personal issue. The answer will depend on such factors as religious beliefs and moral values. Its not an issue that the government should even address. If the government takes a stand and either opposes or supports assisted suicide and euthanasia, they are then imposing their beliefs on the people. If the government imposes their beliefs on everyone then our country is no longer a democracy. On the other hand, the United States was founded and built on Christian principles. Perhaps the government should decide their position on the issue based on the teachings of Christianity. The debate will likely draw out for many years because there isnt a cut and dry answer. There is no right or wrong answer. Everyone needs to decide based on their own personal convictions.

Communication Barriers Essay Example for Free

Communication Barriers EssayThe problem that is to be addressed will be the communication barriers in the midst of employees and management. Some peck establish a problem with the federal agency they receive the conversation or the way people talk to them and other people have a problem with the way they use their literal and nonverbal communication skills. There are many ways to determine the proper way to say and to miscommunicate. Solving the problem of non-communication in the work place can be easy, but at the corresponding time it can be very costly. The movie Devil Wears Prada is a great example of miscommunication. The briny owner, editor or chief operating officer of that corporation talks to the advanced-sprung(prenominal) miss as if she has worked there for years. The new girl is given directions and does not know how to proceed with them because she was not trained properly. In the movie the CEO makes a statement Emily? Emily? Finally someone tells the new girl that the CEO means her and the new girl goes into the office.CEO states Get me that guy I talked to yesterday about the skirts and scarfs on the phone. The new girl goes ass out of the office to her desk and starts looking for a phone number, but she has no idea who to look for, the frontmost adjuvant, just coming back from lunch, beseeched the new girl What are you doing? The new girl tells the first-class honours degree assistant what the CEO said and within seconds the CEO was talk to the guy she spoke to yesterday about the skirts and scarfs.In this incident, there was minimal communication and there are also many ways to fix this. For instance, the first assistant should have taught the new girl about the phone directory, terms, and where to find other things that could be useful. If the new girl was trained correctly, then while the first assistant was at lunch, the new girl would have been able to handle the phones, but would still have problems not knowing what p erson the CEO talked to yesterday about the skirts or scarfs.With this part of the communication barrier, the CEO should have been more informative on the study that she gave the new girl. For instance, if the CEO had given the name of the person she talked to, then it would have narrowed down the people she to yesterday or vise-versa, or the CEO could have given the company name and with the correct educational activity could have determined the person she talked to the day onward. There are many ways to work on the communication between the CEO, manager, and another associate.The main objective should be to train the person properly before throwing them to the wolves, or putting them on the sales floor If the person is trained properly then they will learn the terminology, phone directory, and also know where to find other things related to going the job. When giving tasks to deport out, you would need to give specifics on what you want and names or descriptions of what is exp ected. When receiving the tasks, if you do not understand, then ask questions on what the other person is looking for or how to go about doing getting the job done.

Nutrition programs Essay Example for Free

Nutrition programs EssayTraditionally, nourishment programs were targeted to the indigent and ugly populations in developing countries. Many of straight offs Americans be malnourished besides, but they are inundated with un hefty foods and require a multidisciplinary approach to nutrition bringing up. What would be the three most important points to overwhelm in a public nutrition program? set up current literature to support your answer and include two nutritionary education community resources. purposeAlthough we already know it is essential to eat a healthy diet, we may find it more repugn to sort through all of the information about nutrition and food choices. Nutrition is the provision to cells and organisms of the materials necessary (in the form of food) to support life. Healthy consume helps prevent high cholesterol and high blood jam and helps reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. Many people t oday in America are malnourished and it is mostly due to indulging in unhealthy/poor dietary intake. These problems can be controlled by utilizing a multidisciplinary approach to public education.The doctors, social workers, nurses, dieticians and other health educators involved in health advance should all have a part in ensuring and promoting healthy dietary intake with take over food portions and increasing physical activity. The three most important points to include in a public nutrition program are (a) the relationship between food choices and chronic disease such as high blood pressure (high season intake), high lipids (high fat intake), fleshiness/diabetes (high sugar/carb intake/low activity) and much more.Educating the public on how to use natural herbs/ seasonings, or salt substitute, reading labels for nutritional contents and ingredients and eating low carb food are all vital factors to know. It is as well as very important to increase your physical activity daily. Another important point to include is (b) the nutritional assessment. Individuals need to be assessed for their nutritional status and risk. This will help to tailor the food packages, design impound nutritional education and make referrals to health and social services (USDA, 2015). The next would bethe nutrition for brings and children in regards to lactation counselling and school lunch programs. Newborn maternal nursing along with childrens nutrition is also a very important point to address. There are a lot of mother/baby classes in the community to help promote breastfeeding, infant meals, and children lunch box ideas.Schools are also in a unique position to promote healthy eating and help ensure appropriate food and nutrient intake among students. There are many nutritional education community resources that helps families in America to improve their nutritional status. They are (A) MyPlate Program This was created by Michelle Obama in 2011 to serve as a reminder for peopl e to create/make healthier food choices. It put emphasis on eating lots of fruits, grains, vegetables, protein foods and dietary foods. (B) The woman, infant and children program (WIC) This program assist pregnant women, new moms and young children mystify and eat healthy foods. Qualified individuals can only purchase healthy food items. Nutritional education is also provided for qualified individuals at no cost to them.ReferencesMyPlate, 2015. Retrieved from http//www.choosemyplate.gov/myplateWIC Program Nutrition Education Guidance, 2006.Retrieved from http//www.nal.usda.gov/wicworks/learning_Center/ntredguidance.pdfEdelman, C.L., Kudzman, E, C., Mandel, C. L., (2014). Health promotion throughout the Lifespan. St. Louis Elsevier.

Behavior Towards Fast Food Mcdonalds In Malaysia

Behavior Towards Fast Food Mcdonalds In MalaysiaChapter 1 inventionIntroduction1.1.1 The Nature of Fast FoodFrom French fries to Big mackintosh burger, flying sustenance for thought for thought dejection consider as one of the f ar types that growing in a unfluctuating mode (Goyal et al, 2007). jibe to B land uper and Bender (1995), betting fargon meant food that has limited choices in the menu which being created d bearstairs harvest-festivalion line technique. Besides, warm food in same carriage defined as food likes hamburgers, sandwiches, or pizza which argon food that supplier be likely to specialize (Davies et al, 2004). In simple words, spry food also being defined as food purchased by self- arrange well in counter and whence take the food to experience dining table with unwrap any assists by waiter (Association NR, 2003).The bell increase of riotous food move be traced back to the early 1900s when Automat all overt the first ever refrain food eat ing house which sell foods and drinks by victimization machines. Then white castle introduced hamburgers to immobile food outlets and this brings the polish until today. After nearly old age, the concept of debauched food is so attractive and prospered and this attracted almost(prenominal) companies much(prenominal) as McDonalds, KFC, Wendys and Burger King joined the close food persistence (Chavadi et al, 2008).Since the early st get on with of mid-seventies in US, disruptive food has become part and partial of Ameri fucks and the frequency of eating fast food has rapidly increased (French et al, 2000). Fast food outlets imbued almost either corner in the world, different fast food restaurants is in your eyesight (Jayna et al, 2009). National Restaurant Association claimed that at that place ar three out of ten nodes said that eating fast food is their own way of c areer and it is classical for their workaday life (National Restaurant Association, 2008).Moreov er, fast food successfully dominates outside-from-home food expenses during the last few decades (Sharkey et al, 2011). To add some(prenominal) on this, the trend of eating away from home is to a greater extent and more than common and the frequency of visits to fast food outlets even increase rapidly. In 1970, at that place is just nearly 25% of total outlay for away-from-home foods and the spending rocketed up to 53% for the total spending for away-from-home foods (Clauson A, 2000). This showed that more consumers prefer to eat fast food earlier than home cook foods.In addition, there are decelerating for the path of the manufacturing when the economy crisis hits the world with a low point of 3.1% two years ago. Nevertheless, there are sign of recovery for the manufacturing when there is expected accelerating of growth rates showed in the forecast period. The fast food grocery had $201.1billion of total taxation in 2009 which correspond to 4.8% of compound annual grow th rate (CAGR) for the year 2005 to 2009. In Europe, the markets raised intimately(predicate) 4.7% of (CAGR) piece Asias market grew about 6.1% of (CAGR) in 2009. The fast food market of Europe and Asia regard asively set about $34.2 billion and $71.6 billion. Furthermore, the market consumption volume is expected to increase to $248.7 billion at the end of 2014. The most profitable in the industry is QSR segment where it earned about $142.6 billion or 70.9% of the markets boilersuit value (Data Monitor, 2010).1.1.2 History of McDonaldsThe history of McDonalds began in 1940 when Dick and Mac McDonald started their business by opening McDonalds Bar-B-Que restaurant in California which offered large menu to customers. After that, they closed down the restaurant and reopen another(prenominal) restaurant which is a self helping dive in restaurant. This time, they only provide limited choices of foods for customers such as burger, coffee, fluffy drinks, potato chips and milk. In 1 949, the world well-known French fries were introduced and replaced potato chips on the menu. After a year, a sales individual called Ray Kroc met up with McDonald brothers and purchased the franchising right from them and planed to lick the restaurant. Few months later, Kroc receptive his first ever McDonalds restaurant in Illinois and the world illustrious Golden Arches also started to use as the symbol of McDonalds. History was made and new records to be created from time to time since McDonalds started its operation. Today, McDonalds is the world largest organization in the world with more than 32000 fast food outlets in 117 countries which serves more than 60 million customers everyday (About McDonalds.com, 2011 McDonalds Malaysia.com, 2011). McDonalds also the largest demoraliseer of materials such as potatoes and beef (Steyn NP, 2010). The brands mission is to be McDonalds customers favourite place and way to eat. Besides, the confederacy promises to supply Simple Easy Enjoyment to every customer when they visit to the restaurant and let customers get laid the feel of having meal there as well as like having meal in own sweet home. The guild hold tied to the value of serving role food, giving superior service and cleanliness of environment to delight every customer and hope customers were treated like VIP (McDonalds.com.my, 2011).Furthermore, the annual trace of McDonalds for the year of 2010 reported that the company earned about $24,075 million in 2010 which higher 6% of the sales compared to the earlier year which earned about $22,745 million. The revenues of the company in US for year 2009 and 2010 are positively increased because of the high strainment in new outputs, iconic core products and high-priced focus on everyday value of the company. Additionally, the continually increasing of currency telephone exchange in Europe, sales increased in UK, Russia and French, as well as the ripe expansion achieved in Russia had driven the rev enues raised (Annual report, 2010).1.1.3 McDonalds in MalaysiaIn December 1980, McDonalds Corporation, USA approved and gave license to Golden Arches Restaurants Sdn Bhd to run McDonalds restaurants in Malaysia. The first ever McDonalds Malaysia restaurants was heart-to-heart at Jalan Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur which is in the heart of the big city on 29 April 1982. Now, there are 204 restaurants find out nationwide and currently there are about 20 to 25 restaurants leave behind be opened annually as it is expanding steadily. Moreover, McDonalds employed almost 10,000 local citizens in different states to success the restaurants and 120 back staffs at its head office to handle day-to-day operation of the McDonalds business (McDonalds, 2011).So, it is obvious that McDonalds is very successful company and leader in the fast food industry in Malaysia which attracts million of customers visits to the restaurants everyday. Thus, this research is essentially about the consumer mann er towards fast food especially McDonalds.Objective of the researchTo discover the factors that influence consumer style to choose fast food as their meal.Research QuestionWhat are the factors that influence consumers to choose fast food as their meal?Hypothesis 1There is a relation amid service qualities towards consumer carriage.Hypothesis 2Place factor has family relationship towards consumer behavior.Hypothesis 3Price factor has relationship towards consumer behavior.Chapter 2 Literature ReviewAccording the report of Technomic about the status and future of fast food, the perceptions of consumers towards fast food take over been changed. Now, consumers think that fast food is no longer limited to quick service, fast food restaurants, or drive-thru restaurants. Instead, there are risen of dual concept which formed the traditional fast food concept and the new concept of food fast which food stomach be served speedily with a superior shade, flavor, taste and ambiance. The report also claimed that consumers are seeking for faster, convenient, better and quality foods and run from all type of food service organization (Restaurant News Resource, 2010). Moreover, the report findings showed that about 49% among 2000 consumers generate visit to fast food restaurant at least once in a hebdomad (Technomic, 2010). The new concept of perceptions tout ensemble impart affect the consumer behavior towards fast food including McDonalds.In addition, Kara and Kucukemiroglu bring on studied about the consumer perceptions and dearies for fast food restaurants in USA and Canada. The research showed that the girlish consumers between the age of 12 to 24 hunt for different type of foods, better delivery service, lower price and good location in USA while Canadian teenagers look for novelties and price. Then, for the middle age group of consumers who are 25 to 45 years old, Americans looked for better service and better speed of serving food while Canadian consider ed quality, service and speed. More to the point, consumers above 46 years old to 55 years old, American preferred taste, cleanliness, quality and nutritional value whereas Canadian adults wanted better services, food quality and speed. Furthermore, young consumers have to be concerned and to be taught of the nutritional awareness and fast food predilections during the teenager years (Brown et al, 2000). In London, Davies and Smith have listed down the importance for the nutritional value for fast food and fast food companies also printed the information of the value in its restaurants.2.1 Consumer Behavior AnalysisAccording to Solomon, consumer behavior can be defined as a study of selected consumers either in individuals or groups in buying, using or disposing of products, ideas, services or experience to satisfy own desires and ask. The propitiation of desires and necessarily are nearly related to hunger, personal status and thirst to love as well as spiritual fulfillment ( Solomon, 2007). Consumer behavior has been defined as the the dynamic interaction of affect and cognition, environment, and the behavior from human beings conduct the exchange aspects of their lives (Peter et al, 2008). More on this point, during the consumption processes, the action performed, feeling and thought of own experience by consumers allow affect the consumer behavior. every(prenominal)thing that surrounds the consumers and environmental factors such as advertising, product appearance, comments from friends, price information and packaging totally will influence the consumer behavior (Peter et al, 2008). There is for sure that consumer will buy something after they have a good prevision and satisfy towards the product. Nevertheless, researcher has to go deeper and questioning consumer in which circumstances and what reason for buying a product (Blackwell et al, 2001).According to Peter, the consumer behavior consider as dynamic because the changes of perception, feelin gs and activities of individual purchaser or a group of consumers. There are various type of marketing strategies is the answer to the question of consumers response. This doubt is constantly being answer by using the stimulus-respond type (Refer to Appendix 1). Furthermore, researchers have to find out from the buyers pitch blackness box which is the essential point that other actors and companies in the market wants to know (Kotler, 2007).Determinants of Consumer Behavior AnalysisConsumers have to analyzed by focusing to three objects which is behavior, environment, affect and cognition and thusly about their relations between each other. Every single aspect can affect other aspects and all of the aspects must be considered when planning for the marketing strategy (Peter et al, 2008).Consumer affect and cognition represent different type of the mental responses from consumers raise toward particular stimulus and event around them. Affect refers to the feeling of consumers whe ther they like or hate a product. For example, affect includes strong personal emotion of anger or love, moods of happy or sad and feelings of defeat or gratification. As a result, marketers should build up suitable strategies to create positive affect among consumers about their brands and products to become consumer first choice to purchase. On the other hand, cognition is about the thinking of consumers or their persuasion towards a product. It involved consumers perception, understanding and interpreting the events and stimuli. Consumers extend to their familiarity, beliefs and experience from their daily life and this will suspensor them to be more sensitive and alert when buying a product so that it will be a good buying decision (Peter et al, 2008).2.1.2 Consumer MotivationSolomon claimed that motivation is the processes that bring pile to behave themselves when there is a regard generated that they hope to satisfy. Consumers will find their way to attempt to decrease or to get rid of the inevitably. Once consumers successfully end the desire, then consumers goal is achieved. Consumer behavior is started up by motivation and directs to achieve goals. Normally, a motivated person will be involved more to an activity compared to unmotivated person (Solomon, 2007).2.1.2.1 Maslow Hierarchy of NeedsMoreover, during the last few decades, psychologists have studied about the motivation and its essential towards consumer behavior in different ways. The most famous and familiar ideas is propounded by Abraham Maslow in year 1943 (Kotler, 2007). Maslow initially created this onset is to know about slew personal growth and the accomplishment of some difficult tasks. After some time, marketers adapted this theory to understand the consumer motivation. Then, Maslow developed a hierarchy which is the combination of psychogenic and biogenic inescapably which specifies on different level of postulate by people (Solomon, 2007). In the pyramid of needs, there are at least five sets of basic needs which are physiological, resort, social, esteem and self-actualization needs. The order of needs in the pyramid structure is fixed and authorized level must be obtained before go for the next. Maslow believed that people is aspire to become self-actualization (Stephens, 2000).The hierarchy is started from physiological drives which are the basic needs of human such as water, food, air or sleep. For instance, a person who is hungry definitely will craving for food much stronger than anything else (Stephens, 2000). After the physiological was fulfilled, the safety needs will be demanded by people. People needs a place that is safe and security for them to have meal, rest or enjoy. When both of the physiological and safety needs are perfectly gratified, the third needs which are social needs to be considered. Social needs are included love, friendship, parents or acceptance by public. Human have to build up their own relationship with others so that their life will be better and successful (Stephens, 2000). Furthermore, everyone hope to have respect and high military rank from others toward self-esteem. People may seek for self satisfaction when they are promoted higher billet in their company, attaining the educational distinction, or being honored by government. This level of needs basically is about people feeling of self-confidence and satisfactoriness. The last needs is self-actualization which is about to know ones potential and this level of need will never be satisfied because there are new challenge and opportunities to come crossways when people growing up (Stephens, 2000).In addition, physiologist Sigmund Freund claimed that people will not aware of their buying behavior which is formed by own physiology. Everyone have different dream and wishes which are hope to be fulfilled, however, some of the wishes are cause of incited which brought to negative effect. For example, a person said that he enjoy the wind w hen thrust is the main reason that he buys a sport car. On the other hand, in psychological level, he might just want to show off or want to let others respect him (Kotler, 2007).2.2 Factors that bear on Consumer Behavior2.2.1 Service QualityIn 1984, Gronroos defined service quality as the judgement from consumers evaluation of the service they received. He also proposed that service quality can be divided into technical quality or what is done and functional quality or how it is done. Then, the service quality also being hike explained as two dependent variables which are perceived service and expected service. Expect service is referred to the consumers previous experience with a service which might influence the consumer behavior while the perceptions of consumer towards the service itself is called perceived service.In fast food industry, good service quality is very essential for every fast food company because it is one of the fundamental determinants of consumer satisfactio n which directly influence the success of the company in the industry (Huam et al, 2011). At the present time, every fast food company has pay more focus on their service quality by different ways in order to boost up the satisfaction level of consumers and then raise the intention of purchasing as well as loyalty towards the fast food restaurant (Qin et al, 2008 Gillbert et al, 2004). Organizations that provide superior services to consumers also achieve the greater level of consumer satisfaction and favorable word-of-mouth (Gillbert et al, 2004). Once the restaurants successfully attain or go beyond the anticipation and expectation of consumers, definitely consumers will be satisfy with the services that provided (Huam et al, 2011). For instance, Fast food giant likes McDonalds, Burger King and KFC are attempting to present exclusive, unusual and special services to attract and to keep their consumers. As for some(prenominal) well operating(a) companies, great service quality is a cornerstone to gain competitive advantage in the industry to increase sales. From times to times, the fast food industry had been forced to change from product-centric approach to customer-centric approach payable to the high expectation from consumers and disceptation from other companies (Huam et al, 2011). For example, the fast food companies in Malaysia also experiencing the transformations and challenging from tilt (Yap et al. 2007).2.2.1.1 Measurement of Service Quality (SERVPERF Model)Since the service quality is very crucial for the fast food business, then the service quality measurement has to be done frequently and in a timely manner to obtain an accurate current level of service quality provided by the fast food industry in order to increase the customer satisfaction as well as to encourage the customer purchase intentions towards the restaurants (Gilbert et al, 2004).Besides, Zeithaml and Bitner recommended that consumers judge the service quality based on their o wn perceptions towards the provided technical issuing, the process of delivering the outcome and the quality of environment by delivering the service. Before this, there are researchers believe that quality is naturally tricky to be determined and measure, so there will be better if there is a yard measure for consumer to measure their own service quality for certain things. Then, a standardized and better model called SERVPERF model was developed. Nonetheless, this model is a very wide-ranging concept and its modification is recommended to capture the framework in certain study (Olorunniwo et al, 2006 Andaleeb et al, 2006). Audrey stated that this model is created to give a substitute method to measure the perceived service quality and the important relationship between the service quality, purchase intentions and consumer satisfactions. This instrument contained five places which aretangibleness The condition of physical parts of the fast food restaurants, the equipments and utensils that serve the consumers as well as the physical environment of the restaurants (Yuksel, 2001). Moreover, it also educeed the arrangement and decoration of the restaurants layout which included the cleanliness of environment, nice design of the facilities, and the convenience offered to consumers (Subhash et al, 2000). reactivity According to Fetus et al, responsiveness is meant that willingness and readiness showed by employees to help consumers when there are problems occurred and offer flying service directly to consumers (Festus et al, 2000). .Reliability The capability and attitude of performing the promises service truthfully and sincerely which can motivate consumer and gain confidence to the fast food restaurant. Furthermore, this also referred to the trustworthiness in business process, trustable, and the energy as well as the ability to fix or improve anything that goes the opposite way (Yuksel, 2001).Empathy This dimension is about consumers being cared and individualized attention by employees. This dimension consists of few components which are (a) Access availableness or friendliness and ease of contact.(b) Communication communicate with customers with languages that they can understand and comfortable with and patiently find out to what consumers express.(c) Understanding Customers put effort to know, understand and sensitive towards what consumers needs and expectations (Huam et al, 2011).(V) Assurance Defined as the knowledge and courtesy of employees and their skill to convey trust and gain confidence from consumers. Assurance consists of three main components which are(a) Courtesy kindness, consideration, respect, and friendliness of every employee towards every customer.(b) Credibility Employees show that they are honest, trustable and believable towards every customer.(c) pledge Customers feel safe when having meal without any risk of danger or doubt (Festus et al, 2000).Consumer Behavior merrimentService Quality2.2. 2 Product QualityProduct quality is a means of advancing peoples life expectancy and cut down the jejunity and mortality rate of society (Iwarere, 2011). As high competition and environmental influences rise internationally, obviously there are a lot of hard work of fast food companies on quality improvement and cost scrimping in order to satisfy consumers and defend consumer behavior as well as increasing the organization profit and value (Iwarere, 2010). According to Iwarere, quality management is being judged as competitive weapon which can show the competitive advantages to consumers to attract more business. Product quality totally will influence the company profit since the quality of product reverberate out the reputation of the company (Dominici, 2009). The relationship between product quality and profit of company is that product quality that being enhanced will increase the reliability and production of certain product. Besides, the increasing in product reliability cau ses the price of the product being boosted up (Iwarere, 2011). Product quality is very important to a company and this can be showed from a study on brand preference of soft drinks in rural place to determine the factor influencing the rural consumers towards the soft drink. From the study, they found out that the product quality was ranked at the first place and then followed by price (Nandagopal, 2003).There is a group of quality assurance team in the restaurants and at suppliers for every stage of production which in charge in observing and examines the quality of McDonalds products. There is a specific process set by McDonalds to check and make sure every ingredient that they use is high quality and safe. The team will have a tight observation towards supplier manufactures and will take some samples of stock from distribution centers to undergo the quality checking. Every McDonalds outlets will only receive the delivery of materials and ingredients after quality and safety chec king by the outlets employees. Every employee will be given complete training in hygiene, quality assurance, food safety, and procedures of food preparation (Vignali, 2001).In McDonalds, they intends to create the standardized the food items which still the same taste in most of the country likes Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, and most of the Europe country. Although they know that there are considerable cost saving by undergoing the standardization, being able to adapt to the environment and market will ensures success of the company in the country. Obviously, McDonalds has successfully adopted the concept of think globally and act locally into its marketing strategies to (Vignali, 2001).Moreover, there are a lot of reasons for necessity of adaptation such as the taste or preference of local people, local culture and laws as well as local traditions. There are many cases happened in different country where McDonalds change their menu to adopt for the local preferences and laws (Vignali, 2001). For instance, the famous Big Mac was served without cheese in few of their restaurants in Israel and in some of the kosher restaurants, the meat products and dairy products is on an individual basis placed. Plus, recently, McDonalds Israel launched a new hamburger which to improve the nutrition and taste of its famous product. The Big Mac in Israel is 30% fewer calories compare to Big Mac in US (Ron Friedman, 2010). In addition, in India, McDonalds serve vegetable McNuggets and a mutton-based Big Mac which called Maharaja Mac. Additionally, in Malaysia and Singapore, McDonalds also put effort on their product which is free of pork products and the outlets must apply for the halal certificate to run the restaurants, which means is totally out of pork products and acceptable for Muslims consumers.In addition, good product quality also includes the taste of the foods. Every consumers want to eat tasty foods is consider as a general motive to satisfy their needs toward s food and increase their appetite. Furthermore, the taste of foods also has to localize to suit the local taste and fulfill the needs of consumers (Gordan Chu, 2009). For instance, the taste and flavor of McDonalds French fries is magnificent and marvelous for a lot of consumers (Schlosser, 2001). There are various other examples of the successful of McDonalds adopted in different countries which has unique and special perspective and culture as well as local taste in order to satisfy the needs and preferences of consumers. For example, beer was interchange in Germany as McCroissants, espresso coffee and pasta is on the menu in Italy and there are chilled yogurt drinks in McDonalds Turkey as well as in tropical countries, guava juice was the favorite items in the menu. There are vegetarian hamburgers sold in Netherlands while teriyaki burgers were the famous hamburger in Japan. In Thailand, the most well-known burger in McDonalds was called Samurai Pork Burger which serves with sw eet sauce. Moreover, in Norway, grilled salmon sandwich which called McLaks are sold while hamburger with poached egg are top of the menu in Uruguay (Vignali, 2001). So, there are different products being introduced by McDonalds to adopt in the international food market. Some of the products already became the symbolic food of McDonalds for the local people.2.2.3 PromotionPromotions normally are created by marketers to tell information about their products or service in order to attract consumers to buy them. The promotion strategies normally experienced by consumers which might influence consumer behavior due to the social and physical aspects from the environment factor. Every products and brands become famous and successful because of promotion strategies that developed to generate competitive advantage against competitors while show out the unique of the products and brands. There are four types of promotions which are advertising, publicity, personal selling and sales promotion s (Peter et al, 2008 Ivy, 2008).McDonalds always put more effort to promote them as a global image and they concern about the people from the market they are entering. McDonalds has different types of advertising campaigns in different countries and globally to suit the culture and society of people from different background. For example, UK McDonalds appointed England legendary footballer Alan Shearer to promote their products while in French they used French world cup winner goalkeeper Fabien Barthez (Vignali, 2001).Besides, McDonalds also concern about the public relationship with customers which can know and understand more about consumers. For instance, Beijing McDonalds relies greatly on individual interaction with consumers in restaurants. There are at least one public relations employee workings in every outlet to help and answer customers questions. Moreover, there are five to ten female staffs being appoint to every outlet to take care of consumers children and to commun icate with parents (Vignali, 2001). This can help to improve the service level and to advance the management of customer portfolio (Fjerstad et al, 2003 O Learly et al, 2004). Another example is in 1997, McDonalds had broadcasted that they will corporate with Walt Disney which allowed them to pct special marketing rights from food to films for the following ten years. This is the beginning of the producing toys which include in their happy meals for films likes flirt Story, Madagascar, Alvin and the Chipmunks and the latest is the young justice series of superhero from Marvels. Furthermore, McDonalds, UNESCO and Walt Disney corporate together to launch a program called millenary Dreamers Global Childrens recognition program which allowed young people from the whole world have the chance to express their dreams, ideas, and plans as well as hopes in the future (Vignali, 2001).2.2.4 PlaceAccording to Kotler, place defined as the location where products and services being distributed for purchase by consumers. It can contain every physical stores and virtual(prenominal) stores on the internet. The choice of place has always an important factor to be considered when operating a store. For instance, fast food restaurants mostly being set up in place where there is a meaning(a) in number of moving people (Hossain, 2003). Normally, company location decision depends on few factors such as total cost, supplier, proximity of customers, and infrastructure (Chase, 2004).Currently, there are more than 32000 McDonalds restaurants in 117 countries all over the world. The company effectively manages its capital expends by strategic expansion in every country. Every year, McDonalds operate hundreds of new restaurants globally to undergo strategies that create a gap between its competitors in term of availability and convenience to consumers (Jekanowski et al, 2001). In the annual report of the company in year 1994, McDonalds had launched a strategy called aggressive strate gy. In the report stated that McDonalds wants to have a site wherever people live, work, play, or gather. Our gizmo Strategy is to monitor the changing lifestyles of consumers and intercept them at every turn. As we expand customer convenience, we gain market share. (McDonalds USA annual report, 1994). This is because McDonalds understand that consumers prefer to go nearby to buy food for saving time and cost. So, McDonalds wants that there are their outlets everywhere in the world which can bring convenience to consumers to buy foods. Moreover, most of the McDonalds outlets operate 24 hours everyday to serve their consumers and people may taste the foods of McDonalds whenever they want to (Jager, 2007). In addition, McDonalds also provide delivery service to consumers home which bring convenience to consumers who do not like to queue up in the crowed restaurants but prefer to eat in home while doing their works (Church et al, 2000). Drive-thru system also being introduced by McDon alds in most of the outlet to serve consumers who plans to take away the food (Fitzgerald, 2004).